Description

A pilonidal sinus, also known as pilonidal cyst or sacrococcygeal fistula, is a small tunnel or cavity in the skin that develops near the top of the buttocks crease. This condition occurs when hair follicles become blocked and infected, leading to the formation of a sinus tract beneath the skin's surface. Pilonidal sinuses are more common in men than in women and typically occur in younger adults. Causes: Hair: The primary cause of pilonidal sinuses is hair penetration and subsequent inflammation. Hair follicles in the area may become irritated or blocked by loose hairs, leading to the formation of a cyst or sinus tract. Friction: Pilonidal sinuses are often associated with prolonged sitting or friction in the buttocks area, which can exacerbate irritation and inflammation of the hair follicles. Congenital factors: Some individuals may have certain anatomical predispositions or genetic factors that increase their susceptibility to developing pilonidal sinuses. Symptoms: Pain: Patients with pilonidal sinuses often experience localized pain or discomfort in the sacrococcygeal region (near the top of the buttocks). Swelling: The affected area may appear swollen or tender to the touch. Redness: Inflammation of the skin overlying the sinus tract may cause redness or warmth. Drainage: Pilonidal sinuses may produce pus or fluid, which can result in drainage or the formation of a visible abscess. Itching: Some individuals may experience itching or irritation in the affected area.